The influence of textese on adolescents’ perceptions of text message writers

Text messages are characterised by a casual language style, ‘textese’ (e.g., c u on thurs). This study investigated adolescents’ perceptions of the use of different levels of textese in digital messages which varied in their intended recipient (friend, teacher). Grade 8 students in Australia (N = 90, aged 13–14 years) each read six text messages purportedly written by a fellow student, and rated the extent to which they agreed (on a 7-point Likert scale) that the message writer was intelligent, paid attention to detail, used an appropriate writing style, and was friendly. Overall, participants rated message senders most favourably on all measures when they used no textese, and least favourably when they used high levels of textese. This pattern was even stronger when messages were addressed to teachers rather than same-aged friends. The findings suggest that adolescents are sensitive to both writing style and recipient when considering digital messages.     

Transmission of medical messages of patient using control signal of cellular network

The healthcare system needs to track and monitor patients’ status and information. One of the most important requirements is that the patient is able to access the service anywhere at any time. Systems are being developed using the Internet to monitor patients’ status, and in some areas, especially rural areas and motorways, the Internet may not be available, even though the mobile network is available. In some cases, the network might be overloaded, so the patient information cannot be delivered to the hospital or medical centre. We propose a new method that uses the spare extension of the random access channel (RACH), which is carried by physical random access channel (PRACH) to send the patient information to the medical centre. We present the mathematical model of the channel and compare the results with another system from 3GPP to evaluate the results. The results show that the proposed method needs less time to transmit the patient’s information.     

基于软件校准的短波发射机功率控制系统设计

短波发射机功率稳定一直是通信领域致力改善的重点问题,短波发射机功率不稳定会直接影响无线电通信质量,造成通信失真、表达不清晰等问题。针对上述问题,基于软件校准设计短波发射机功率控制系统。该系统借鉴MVC设计模式搭建系统数据库层、业务逻辑层、控制层以及界面显示层基础框架；将功率计与短波发射机相连,实时采集工作状态下的短波发射机功率数据,通过信号处理器实施处理后并存储,借鉴传输元件,将数据发送到控制器,通过控制器校准短波发射机功率与预期之间的偏差,以偏差量为输入,利用改进PID运算得出控制量,生成控制命令,通过输入输出信号接口板输出命令,控制驱动装置调节短波发射机运行参数,实现功率控制。结果表明：与 控制系统、自动调谐系统应用相比较,在所设计系统应用控制下,100s内短波发射机的功率变化曲线与预期曲线之间的拟合优度指数更大,更接近1,优于对比系统,说明相比于对比系统。本系统控制表现更好,更能维持短波发射机功率稳定,达到了研究目标。     

基于哈希链的软件定义网络路径安全

针对软件定义网络中，控制器无法保证下发的网络策略能够在转发设备上得到正确执行的安全问题，提出一种新的转发路径监控安全方案。首先以控制器的全局视图能力为基础，设计了基于OpenFlow协议的路径凭据交互处理机制；然后采用哈希链和消息验证码作为生成和处理转发路径凭据信息的关键技术；最后在此基础上，对Ryu控制器和Open vSwitch开源交换机进行深度优化，添加相应处理流程，建立轻量级的路径安全机制。测试结果表明，该机制能够有效保证数据转发路径安全，吞吐量消耗比SDN数据层可信转发方案（SDNsec）降低20%以上，更适用于路径复杂的网络环境，但时延和CPU使用率的浮动超过15%，有待进一步优化。     

针织物节能减排漂染工艺探讨

将新开发的高效前处理、染色助剂应用于针织物实用高效漂染工艺,探讨其应用工艺、产品质量及节能减排效果。分析各类前处理碱氧一浴工艺的特点、应用特性及节能减排效果;阐述涤棉针织物练染一浴工艺,免还原清洗工艺,棉针织物活性染色与抛光一浴工艺及活性染色后皂洗酶后处理工艺。并与相应的传统工艺对比其工艺曲线、质量水平、节能减排效果及污染物浓度降低情况。客观评价各类工艺的优缺点,建议生产厂家根据产品质量要求,选用相应高效助剂,并结合实际生产设备优化工艺后使用,节能减排效果将更加显著。     

Systematic study of short circuit activation on the performance of PEM fuel cell

During the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), it always suffers from reversible performance loss caused by the oxidation of platinum catalyst on its electrode, which reduces the electrochemical active surface area. Short circuit method has been found to improve the performance of fuel cells by stripping of oxides and other adsorbed species from platinum, which needs systematical understanding the effective parameters of short circuit method on fuel cell performance. In this paper, the effects of different short circuit activation parameters (duration, interval, cycles, cut-off voltage, operating current) are carefully studied and analyzed during short circuit operations. In addition, the mechanism revealing how relevant parameters influence short circuit activations is deeply analyzed. The results show that five groups of activation parameters have obvious influence on the activation of fuel cell, indicating that the short-circuit activation effect can be optimized. Among these parameters, the short-circuit duration parameter have the greatest impact on activation, because the platinum hydroxides and oxides is gradually removed during short-circuit duration and results in a larger effective surface area of the platinum catalyst for the electrochemical reaction. However, the smallest impact is short-circuit interval. Another finding is that the five activation parameters are not independent, so the optimal activation parameter value needs to be analyzed in combination with the operating conditions. Finally, according to the activation principle, selection of appropriate short circuit activation parameters for application are proposed to further improve performance and fuel utilization by considering the safety of the stack.     

Characterisation of crack-tip fields in biaxial fatigue based on high-magnification image correlation and electro-spray technique

This work presents a novel methodology for characterising fatigue cracks under biaxial conditions on a low carbon steel. It allows both short crack and early propagation stages to be studied in tubular specimens. Short crack growth is studied with a long-distance microscope acquiring images of the bare metal surface. Results showed oscillations in crack growth rate due to microstructure. Early propagation stage is studied with high magnification Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique for measuring displacement and strain crack-tip fields. By applying micro-speckle pattern on the metal surface it is possible to achieve high magnification for DIC technique. Ultra-fine black and white speckles were created by electro-spray technique. The validity of this novel technique is demonstrated by direct comparison with extensometer measurements, under combined tension–compression and torsion conditions. It was also possible to estimate satisfactorily the mixed-mode stress intensity factor.     

Psychometric properties of measurements obtained with the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale in an Icelandic probability based Internet sample

Internet surveys have become a very popular research tool. Relatively little attention has, however, been devoted to the possible changes in psychometric properties when measurements are obtained with Internet surveys. The Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) is the most widely used instrument for measuring the tendency to respond in a socially desirable way and is often used to validate other measures. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the dimensionality and reliability of measurements obtained with the MCSDS and short forms of the scale in an Internet sample of the general public in Iceland. An e-mail invitation was sent to a sample of 1200 panel members drawn from the Social Science Research Institute (SSRI) probability based panel, of those 536 participants completed all items on the MCSDS. Reliability estimates were in line with results from previous studies (α = .81 for the MCSDS data and α ranging from .59 to .75 for short forms). Using confirmatory factor analysis, a good fit was obtained for a one-factor model of measurements obtained with the MCSDS and its short forms (apart from significant chi square values in all cases but one), which generally supports the assumption of unidimensionality.     

Growth of very long “short cracks” initiated at holes

The initiation and growth behavior of very long microstructurally short fatigue cracks formed at circular holes is described. Very long here means cracks which are several millimeters or even centimeters long. Microstructurally short refer to the fact that these cracks, in spite of their physical length, are still smaller than the grain size of the material and thus exhibit the characteristic features of such cracks. Growth retardation or even halt at grain boundaries and fluctuating crack growth rates can readily be observed with the naked eye by employing a experimental technique which allows one to increase the grain size of Al1050 Aluminum alloy until the centimeter scale by applying a series of mechanical and heat treatments. Once the thermo-mechanical treatment is completed and the desired grain size obtained, a circular notch is machined on each specimen, and the samples are subjected to fatigue loading. With this method, interactions between cracks and microstructural barriers can be studied with an unprecedented level of ease and detail. An interesting observation is that the location of the crack initiation point along the hole contour varies greatly with the ratio between the hole diameter and the grain size: for large ratios, the initiation point is located close to the point corresponding to the maximum circumferential stress (the horizontal symmetry axis in our case), but for smaller ratios, however, the point of crack initiation moves markedly away from the symmetry axis.     

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR): A critical overview on the most promising applications of molecular scissors in oral medicine

The scientific community is continuously working to translate the novel biomedical techniques into effective medical treatments. CRISPR-Cas 9 system (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-9), commonly known as the “molecular scissor”, represents a recently developed biotechnology able to improve the quality and the efficacy of traditional treatments, related to several human diseases, such as chronic diseases, neurodegenerative pathologies and, interestingly, oral diseases. Of course, dental medicine has notably increased the use of biotechnologies to ensure modern and conservative approaches: in this landscape, the use of CRISPR-Cas-9 system may speed and personalize the traditional therapies, ensuring a good predictability of clinical results. The aim of this critical overview is to provide evidence on CRISPR efficacy, taking into specific account its applications in oral medicine.